When fat things happen to good people. On being thin, fat, and your false assumptions.

"Such crazy thoughts in that Aussie article!"

Do you think that if only you do the right thing—eat a healthy diet, exercise, get enough sleep—then you will achieve your dreamed of weight, live free of disease and live happily ever after? This, dear readers, is a fairy tale. 

If you believe that eating nutrient packed, low calorie foods is solely responsible for whether or not you get cancer, or arthritis or MS, think again. And don’t be fooled by the preaching of Dr. Fuhrman in his book, Eat for Health, that health equals nutrition divided by calories, period. Health is not such a simple equation. And no, eating whole grain, veggie packed meals won’t protect you from an eating disorder either. 

If you think that eating 'right' ensures thinness, as was recently emphatically suggested in a popular newspaper article in Australia, it is yet another fantasy.

And if you torture your overweight self with the belief that you must lose weight--at all costs, and that your inability to reach target goals based on BMI charts is your personal failure, you’re wrong again.

“What is she thinking?” you’re thinking? Let’s start from the top. 

Eating healthy equals health

Yes, diet can impact many, many health measures. And I certainly encourage a balanced, varied diet filled with a complement of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and an appropriate level of fiber, to name a few. Yes, there are correlations in populations that have higher intakes of alcohol and saturated fat, for instance, with increased rates of cancer and high cholesterol, respectively. And a nutrient-rich diet chock full of antioxidants and lycopenes, like those found in tomato-based products, may help stave off such conditions as Alzheimer’s, cancer, and other diseases. But eating a proscribed diet will not guarantee your health. Nor will it ensure happiness, which is not to say I don’t encourage making healthy choices—I surely do. But do not, for a moment, think that if you are fortunate enough to stay healthy (or unfortunate enough to become ill) that it is solely by your hand. Credit your parents for their genes, to start.

Fallacies about thin

And do you know what? Eating well does not ensure thinness either. I see my share of patients who choose the most wholesome foods, but eat in excess—even those nutrient rich, heart healthy foods, like avocado and almonds, lean protein and kale. By excess I mean frequently eating without regard for hunger, and eating past a point of comfortable fullness. And eating well—high quality, nutrient-rich foods—even eaten mindfully and intuitively—may not keep you slim. Yup, it’s a sad truth that many of you don’t want to hear. And in fact, the very act of pushing your body to be a weight it is not meant to be, may put you in worse shape—both physically and psychologically. Just wait until you hear about these studies!

Stay tuned. That’s my next post, based on fascinating research presented at the Renfrew Conference I attended last weekend.

And those who are thin do not necessarily eat well and are often hardly fit by any standard. Do be careful about equating weight with health because they do not always pair up as you’d expect. Individuals may be thin because they are genetically predisposed to be, or they may be thin because, in contrast to what journalist and dietitian Susie Burrell believes—that they “know what to do to control their weight”—they may fall quite short in controlling it appropriately. They may be no better than someone who binge eats for emotional reasons at knowing “how to cope when things are tough”. Don’t be fooled into assuming that thinness is simply a lifestyle choice, a moral higher ground.

And I’d caution her, and you, not to overgeneralize about thin people’s skill at “assuming responsibility for self”. Just spend a few hours in my office; even those without eating disorders may allow anxiety or depression to stand in their way of eating enough. How responsible for self is the person who denies herself nourishment when low energy or headachy—hunger gone too far—or pushes herself to exercise even when she reports constant fatigue, or pain? 

Eat when they are hungry, stop when they are full? Some thin people may. But overgeneralizing about a segment of the population isn’t too intelligent. 

No, I didn't leave the rest over, for the record.

Thin people may self-regulate just fine. Or they may deny their hunger and fluid load or rely on high volume low calorie foods. They may eat nourishing foods, or a diet of junk—just not excessive in calories. Or they may compulsively exercise, hardly resulting in mental health, potentially leading to loss in muscle mass, heart problems and a range of symptoms if accompanied by undernourishment. Really, the only thing you can generalize about thin people is… that they are THIN. You can’t assume they are healthy, or happy, or good at self-care or self-regulation.

And of course the reverse is also true. The only thing you can tell by looking at a fat person is….? Yup. It’s that they are fat. You cannot predict their lipid levels or their blood pressure. You can’t tell whether they’ve never exercised or they exercise too much. And you can’t determine the quality of their diet.

My own parents are perfect examples of this, as I’ve written about previously. 

The mere suggestion that health is 100% in our hands I take offense to, as would the rest of the population which struggles with MS, and cancer, and ALS, and type 1 diabetes and arthritis and, and and… And I can say the same thing about a target weight or size. I hate to break it to you, but even if you do all the ‘right things’, you may not achieve your desirable, fantasized-about weight. And you know what? It’s not your fault.

Stay tuned for part two, (which I hope to get out within the week), which will address obesity, weight loss, and the risks and benefits of change.

Did this post push your buttons? Did it challenge your thinking? Did it offer some relief? Do let me know what you’re thinking! 

Thanks for reading, and if you liked this post, please share!

Fat enough. Coming to terms with weight when it’s less than ideal.

I don’t know which made me saddest—her sense of vindication when reporting the oncologist’s orders: “I don’t want to see any more weight loss”, or her distress that her weight was up 5 pounds. Or perhaps it was her pride in getting down to the lowest adult weight she has seen in many decades. Ahh, the perks of esophageal cancer!

She’s lived so tormented by her weight, berated by doctors and non-supportive family members to reach for something unattainable, to get thin, from the time she was a pretty, young, school-age girl. “You’re beautiful”, they’d say, “if only you could lose some weight.” Perfect labs and low normal blood pressure were not good enough. No, she didn’t look fat on paper.

And yet her obesity just might have been the source of her potentially fatal illness. There. I’ve said it. Admittedly, GERD, gastroesophageal reflux, is linked with manyfactors, and obesity is just one of them.  But after a decade living on antacids, popping Rolaids like LifeSavers—no pun intended—with a blood sugar approaching diabetic levels, she had gastric bypass. The GERD? Finished! Antacids were no longer a fixture like Kleenex and lipstick in her purse. Yes, she was free of heartburn and indigestion—and her blood sugars dropped to normal. With her 90 pound weight loss came a reversal in symptoms and the promise of a better life.

So it came as a quite a shock last year to learn that she had esophageal cancer. And hers, located at the very bottom of the esophagus near the stomach, was not a result of alcohol or smoking but from many years of damage from acid reflux.

GERD can lead to changes in the cells of the esophagus—between 5 and 10 % with GERD get Barrett’s.  And Barrett’s Esophagus can develop into cancer, with an overall lifetime risk of 5%. 

Could it have been prevented in her case?

Sure, earlier screening by endoscopy to evaluate progression to Barrett’s sooner could’ve helped. And being more proactive with a procedure called ablation to wipe out the changed “Barrett’s” cells would have helped too. 

As for weight loss?

It’s not that she didn’t try. Perhaps she was genetically meant to be a large woman with a high BMI. Still, she could have worked in more activity, walks at least, something, setting realistic, achievable goals. And stress reduction to prevent emotional overeating and anxiety-driven overeating.

Yes, those might have helped her weight and subsequent chronic reflux and possibly prevented her cancer. But in our society it would never have been enough. She would still be viewed as obese, with the stigma we project on that label. Doctors would still say her weight was too high, falsely envisioning the fast food drive-ins she never frequents. (Actually, her meals have been quite healthy and balanced for as long as I could remember.)

In spite of her post cancer, post surgical weight loss of more than 40 or 50 pounds—honestly I don’t know how much exactly—following the doctor’s orders and not striving to lose more weight is quite a challenge. Self-acceptance doesn’t suddenly appear at age 75 when it has been long absent.

So please don’t wait until changing is a matter of life and death. Seek support for working on self-acceptance. And try to see your weight as just a number—not a reflection on your character, nor your motivation, nor your fitness level or your health.

Thanks for reading.

And yes, I've written about this before with a bit of a different focus.

Intuitive Eating is not for you—maybe not just yet, and maybe not ever.

“Have you lost your mind? You, the anti-calorie-counting dietitian, the believer in legalizing all things chocolate and trusting that everything will be okay? Are you suggesting I should start dieting now, or head to the nearest Weight Watchers meeting and start counting points? Or doing the Paleo thing?”

Nothing of the sort! I’m prompted to write this following two experiences I had at the MEDA conference, that wonderful eating disorder conference held in the Boston area this past weekend. And this pertains to those of you with anorexia as well as those struggling with overeating—compulsive or otherwise.

So I was casually walking in the hall after the keynote presentation by Dr. Roberto Olivardia just killing time until the next break when I’d be selling my book. And I overhear two women, representatives from two respectable eating disorder programs chatting up their programs. “We use an intuitive eating approach with our patients”, she stated. “We don’t use meal plans, but instead have them listen to their body…” Ok, anorexic readers and eating disorder professionals, anything strike you as a bit problematic here? Let’s start with a handy, wiki definition:

“Intuitive eating is a nutrition philosophy based on the premise that becoming more attuned to the body's natural hunger signals is a more effective way to attain a healthy weight, rather than keeping track of the amounts of energy and fats in foods. It's a process that is intended to create a healthy relationship with food, mind and body, making it a popular treatment for disordered eating and eating disorders…”

For starters, to learn to be more attuned to your hunger, to begin to trust it, you need to be able to sense it. Most individuals, by the time they make it to see me, no longer really notice their hunger—not if they’re restricting and not if they are frequently binge eating. With the metabolic slowdown characteristic of food restrictors, hunger gets suppressed, and so that handy cue to get you to eat, that signal you’re supposed to be trusting—it’s largely disappeared! And that “healthy relationship with food” which we all aspire to is just not going to happen with all those unhealthy and distorted thoughts about food and eating and your appearance. Further, if you’ve never had a healthy relationship with food—never trusted your hunger because you went from overeating to undereating, it’s mighty challenging to just start trusting yourself. And for good reason, given your past experience with food and self-regulating.

When I shared my opinions (you didn’t expect I’d just casually stroll past, did you?) the program rep agreed, acknowledging that intuitive eating is an approach they address much later in recovery. We both agreed that normalizing eating under someone else’s direction (a dietitian with eating disorder expertise, for instance), needs to happen first, much before an intuitive eating approach. You can’t expect to be an intuitive eater when you can’t discern hunger and fullness, or when the disordered or diet thoughts are so loud that you can’t trust your physical sensations.

But wait, there’s more.

There were two experiences I wanted to share, remember? The second involves the presentation by Dr. Olivardia, mentioned above, who spoke about ADHD and eating disorders. He highlighted that a very high percentage of obese individuals have undiagnosed ADHD, and identified characteristics of this condition that make it oh-so-challenging to just do it, to follow seemingly reasonable nutrition and behavior recommendations.

For instance, impulsivity. Perhaps if you don’t have ADHD it’s challenging, but manageable, to take a break and have an internal discussion about whether or not you really want to be eating the whole package of cookies, to not respond to your impulse to eat. But in those with impulse control, that discussion comes a bit late. If you struggle with this, you may find yourself eating mindlessly before you’ve even gotten to check in with your signals. And if you eat rather fast, as is typical, you’ll take in a lot of extra calories before the signal of fullness has hit.

Then there’s boredom. Are you still with me? Those with ADHD have a much harder time tolerating boredom. If you struggle with sitting with feeling bored, it may be more difficult to simply acknowledge that you’re not hungry and redirect. Eating to manage this boredom might be the action of choice. Not a very intuitive eating supportive choice!

And while we often think those with attention issues as struggling to stay focused, Dr. Olivardia points out that these very individuals also get hyper-focused on the things they are interested in. This can explain the failure to listen to their hunger, perhaps when they are over-focused on other things. By the time they do respond to their physical hunger they may be ravenous, contributing to overeating. Or maybe there’s an OCD component, with a focus on calories and calorie counting, which may stand in the way of responding to physical cues. Again, making intuitive eating quite a challenge.

To be a successful intuitive eater, you need to be mindful of what you are consuming. Not so easy of you have ADHD and your norm is to multitask! My typical recommendations to separate eating from distractions may not be realistic for those living with ADHD, those for whom multitasking is simply the norm.

What now?

For the record, I am a big advocate of intuitive eating and for years have recommended a fabulous book on the subject by RDs Evelyn Tribole and Elyse Resch. Do take a look for more guidance on learning to be an intuitive eater.

Surely it’s not hopeless if you fit the descriptions above. To become a more intuitive eater requires more organization to your eating, including preplanning eating times and even meals. Organizational skills may not come so easy, so use tools like alarm reminders, such as on your phone or computer, and make shopping lists. Arrange eating times with friends or family for greater accountability, too. Utilize simple, easy-to-follow cookbooks, where close-to-immediate gratification occurs (with recipes taking 20 minutes or less, for instance.) Yes, Food to Eat fits the bill! And seek the guidance of an ADHD expert like Olivardia, along with an RD with a behavioral focus.

And please be realistic—and less harsh—if you’re prone to berate yourself for being lazy. There may be good reasons why you’re falling short with your follow-through with intuitive eating.

Thoughts? Comments? I’d love to hear what you’re thinking.

Weight Loss and Recovery—Can they Coexist? Is Recovery Even Possible After So Long?

Remember Maggie who lost over 150 lbs.?

She’s experienced them all—she’s been labeled with anorexia, bulimia and BED (binge eating disorder)—now an official diagnosis in the new DSM-5, the manual of mental health diagnoses. And she’s been categorized as obese. She did not seek treatment for her disorders early in her history, when recovery is known to be more likely. Yet she’s done it, she recovered. And she didn’t truly start the process until she was in her 60’s.

Hooray for Maggie! Recovery is possible!

I'm writing about Maggie, once again, to offer hope that recovery is possible. Because it is. And because you may believe that even if you did recover, that you would never maintain it. And that it’s not even worth starting on the path, because you just might fail. There. I’ve said it. Now let’s move on.

About Maggie, present day.

This lovely, now 74-year old woman with a long history of eating disorders, has maintained her consistent recovery—and then some. If you haven’t read about her history through Feb 2011 in the link above, please read it now to appreciate where she’s been.

First, the stats. As of today, Maggie's weight is down from her initial weight of 387 pounds (back in 2002 when we started our work together) to 212 lbs. Yup, that's 175 lb. decrease. Most notable, though, is that she achieved this through healthy measures, normalized food intake, a move from binge eating and without disordered behaviors. I don’t think you’ll find the Biggest Loser winners accomplishing such behavioral goals, given the crazy-extreme measures they take on the show.

But let's look at the markers of health that really matter: her A1c, the measure of blood sugar control over a three month period, is now normal for this diabetic woman (it was out of acceptable range even for diabetics, previously). And she is no longer on the blood sugar-lowering medications she had relied on twice daily. All of her lipid measures (think cholesterol) dramatically improved, too. ‘Maybe it's the meds?’ ‘Don't statins do a great job at that?’ Well, her statin dose was cut in half. And statins do little to nothing to improve HDL, the 'good' cholesterol—yet hers improved significantly. As did her triglycerides (down 150 points), also not attributable to her medication! At 212 pounds, her cardiac risk ratio is lower than most individuals’ by far.

Maggie eats more than she ever recalls allowing herself to eat at any other time in her life—aside from pregnancy. She consumes regular meals and snacks daily. She does a water exercise program a couple of times per week—she's even overcome her anxiety of being in the water, with the assistance of a great therapist.

It's a lot of hard work, and you might get off course.
But you'll be glad to get there in the end.

It's been neither a few months, nor a whole year. Rather, it's been 11 years since we started our work together. Yes, it's a process (although not this long for everyone, I'll add). But Maggie only started her journey when she was 62, after about 50 plus years living with disordered eating and beliefs about what she deserved to eat and how to nourish her body.

Patience, dear readers. You can’t expect to undo a decade or a lifetime of unhealthy thoughts and behaviors in a couple of months.

Maggie’s next step is to believe that she's just fine as she is—high BMI and all; that weight loss shouldn't be the focus. It’s not so easy, though, given that her whole life her worth was tied up in the number on the scale. Even when those who constantly criticized her appearance were gone, she picked up where they left off with her own negative self-talk. It seemed the damage was done.

But can’t she still lose weight?

If she continues with her eating on course, and she feels well, and her weight continues to decrease—there's no problem with losing more weight, as long as her thoughts are kept in check. But I'm emphasizing that the goals that really need to be met, have been: she's taken control of her health, she's more fit than she's been in years, and she's eating more adequately than ever before. There's no binging or deprivation, and no compulsive exercise. And she feels well—physically and mentally. So we’ll just need to proceed with caution, because weight loss is a slippery slope for triggering eating disorders.

I hope Maggie will check out this blog (she has given me permission to write about her again, with her name change of course!) And I anticipate she'll see from your comments how she has inspired you and others to not give up and to have hope that change is possible. Yes, recovery really is possible.

Please share your thoughts with us!

Getting Personal: Lessons About GERD, Cancer, HAES, Bulima & Food Restriction

Read this if you are overweight. And read this if you purge through vomiting. Read this if you restrict your intake to less than you know your body needs. And read this if you've been told you have reflux, GERD or Barrett's esophagus.

Stomach--cow, not human, though!

I was recently contacted by a blogger colleague, aware of my Health At Every Size (HAES) philosophy from my blog writings. She was interested in referring a client for Medical Nutrition Therapy for reflux, with a history of Barrett's esophagus. For those of you not in the know, reflux, GERD or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a condition where acid from the stomach comes up into the esophagus—that tube connecting your throat and your stomach—where it's not meant to be. 

Over time, that stomach acid starts to change the lining of the esophagus and cause inflammation, heartburn and discomfort. For about 5-15% of sufferers, the cells lining the esophagus begin to change, resulting in a condition called Barrett's esophagus. Barrett's esophagus can be well controlled with diet and medication, but in some cases progresses to esophageal cancer. By the time cancer is diagnosed in those patients, the cancer has invaded the area making the prognosis far from great.

My mother was diagnosed with adenocarcinoma—a cancer of the esophagus.

Now, back to the referrer. She wanted to be sure that I wouldn't focus on the client’s weight; because that's what people tend to do—just focus on the weight. What my fellow blogger was unaware of was that I was in the midst of struggling with the horrific consequences of this very common symptom, reflux, which ultimately led to cancer of the esophagus, a potentially preventable disease. And I am painfully aware of all the risk factors that contribute to esophageal cancer—including obesity. 

For most of my years, my mother popped Rolaids and Tums, those chewable antacids, like they were candy. She didn't binge, but she ate compulsively. She wasn't a drinker or a smoker—alcohol and smoking also add to the risk—but she couldn't part with her coffee which like most things acidic make things worse. And she was obese, a major risk factor for reflux. In fact, after her gastric bypass surgery, her reflux disappeared. For 8 years, in fact, she experienced little or no reflux. But it was too late; the damage was done.

Now if you're thinking you're not the intended target for this post, don't stop reading! My story, unfortunately, impacts the purgers among you as well as those dreadfully afraid to eat. So please keep reading.

While the verdict isn't in yet, there appears to be an increased risk of reflux, Barrett's esophagus and cancer, based on a study of studies, a meta analysis, on bulimics. This should come as no surprise, as acid going where it's not meant to go is what causes the problem. Fear may not drive you to change your behavior. But perhaps you haven't considered your risk of getting a potentially fatal cancer, right up there with dental issues and of course, sudden death, all consequences that you can prevent.

So where do you restrictors fit into this article?

Let me enlighten you a bit more about the treatment for esophageal cancer. The best hope for survival is to have surgery, after aggressive chemo and radiation. If you're a candidate for surgery, you're in luck. Well, sort of. The surgery requires removal of most or all of your esophagus and creation of a new pseudo-esophagus from your stomach. It's a seriously risky surgery, but can be done well by top surgeons. We were fortunate, and in fact, her past gastric bypass likely aided the situation, making it easier to use her already bypassed stomach remnant.

If you've long struggled with your weight—like my mother did—being told you have to take in many hundreds of calories a day doesn't sit too well. So any opportunity to stop the tube feeding (from which the bulk of nourishment comes during the initial and very critical weeks of healing), is taken. 

Yes, she restricted. The lack of significant weight loss convinced her that there was no issue with her minimal nourishment. Never mind that she became lethargic, spending most of her days in bed, barely able to walk. Or that she became depressed, or that her thinking was far from clear. (Yes, sometimes it's difficult to see the damage from restricting as it's happening.)

That's the state she was in this weekend when I visited. She had convinced the doctors by telephone that she was eating fine, and they were even considering removing her feeding tube tomorrow. 

Except that now she was readmitted and has a blood clot in her lung. I can't say why, these things do happen, but laying in bed fatigued from poor intake no doubt didn't help.

Back to HAES and my fellow blogger.

I fully understand the experience of the obese, being told that their weight is the cause of all evils—even the common cold! As an RD, I would never just focus on weight loss for someone with GERD. Rather, I would address symptom management with volume changes, and reduce acidic foods that aggravate the inflammation. I'd guide the patient on foods and meal content that might be contributing to the reflux.

But would I avoid discussion of weight loss in an obese patient, if their eating were excessive for their need, if they had been gaining weight? Or for that matter, if portion adjustments could be made, reducing both calories and stomach volume that would improve acid reflux, and also result in weight loss? Studies show an association, and that's not to say that all obese people need to lose weight. I get it.

That said, for those with GERD, losing weight tends to improve symptoms, and gaining weight tends to worsen them in obese individuals, especially in those with intra-abdominal obesity.  

Thanks for reading. Please do me a favor and share this with someone you know whose's at risk. Tweet it, blog about it, Facebook 'like' it or simply talk about it.